Gitcoin 是一個針對開源軟件的捐款平臺，用戶可以通過 Gitcoin 支持各類去中心化開源項目，早期項目也可以在 Gitcoin 上獲得捐助以維持運營。一些廣為人知的項目如 Uniswap、1inch、MaskNetwork、ENS 等都曾參與過 Gitcoin Grants，因此 Gitcoin 也被稱為 “以太坊的軍火庫”。

在每輪的 Gitcoin Grants 中，各項目除了獲得用戶的捐款外，Gitcoin 還會使用二次資金匹配模型（ Quadratic Funding ）為優質項目分配以太坊基金會的基金，這一分配方式也得到了 V神（Vitalik Buterin）的認可，極大地推動了 Gitcoin Grants 的社區影響力。Gitcoin Grants 捐贈活動至今已進行了 15 輪，在幫助項目成長的過程中，也為捐贈者帶來代幣空投等獎勵，越來越多的用戶借由 Gitcoin 走進 Web3 的世界。

Gitcoin 一直在探索更有效率的捐贈方式，致力于從二次配捐（也就是QF的集中式贈款）轉向 GitcoinDAO ：創建一種去中心化和可定制的贈款協議。

因此，新一輪的 Grants Round 16（GR16）將不會到來，取而代之的是從 2023 年 1月 17 日持續至 1 月 31 日的 Gitcoin Alpha Round。

根據 Gitcoin 的計劃，其將在幾個月內與 聯合國兒童基金會、Fantom、Optimism 和 Alchemix 一起進行 Test Alpha Round，以確保在過渡到 GitcoinDAO 的過程中繼續支持開發者。

接下來，Biteye 將為大家簡單介紹 Gitcoin Alpha Round 與以往捐贈的不同之處，并為大家精心挑選了 11 個優質的項目。注意，參與每一輪捐贈都可以 領取一個特殊的 POAP 。

目錄

一、Gitcoin Alpha Round 介紹

二、Gitcoin Alpha Round 捐贈建議

三、Gitcoin Alpha Round 捐贈教程

四、Gitcoin Alpha Round 項目推薦（持續更新中）

一、Gitcoin Alpha Round 介紹

1.Gitcoin Alpha Round 計劃支持 200 名致力于開源軟件、以太坊基礎設施和氣候解決方案的受贈者，總匹配池為 100 萬美元，依舊采取 二次配捐 。

2.Gitcoin Alpha Round 的持續時間從 1 月 17 日到 31 日，你可以加入 官方TG 了解關于捐贈的最新動態，Gitcoin Alpha Round 將采用全新的捐贈頁面。

3.Gitcoin Alpha Round 取消了Trust Bonus，取而代之的是 Gitcoin Passport ，用戶可以登陸并綁定社交媒體和錢包來提升權重 ，只有達到指定分數的用戶才可以獲得配捐。

4.Gitcoin Alpha Round 的項目只會從之前的捐贈輪次中產生（標準為在 GR14 或 GR15 中收到的總額超過 1000 美元（捐贈 + 特定回合匹配）的贈款，或在 GR14 或 GR15 中至少有 150 個獨特捐助者的贈款），本輪捐贈考慮約 200 個項目，其中：

（1） 開源軟件回合 （Open Source Software Round）將由 治理帖子 中概述的 GR14 和 GR15 先前資助標準的受贈人組成，約 250 個項目，實際入圍 87 個;

（2） 以太坊基礎設施回合 （Ethereum Infrastructure Round）將由來自GR14 和 GR15 的 32 個項目組成，實際入圍 22 個；

（3） 氣候解決方案回合 （Climate Solutions Round）包括來自 GR15 的 40 個項目和 10 個相關類別下的額外項目，實際入圍 50 個。

二、Gitcoin Alpha Round 捐贈建議

Biteye 結合過去幾輪捐贈情況，總結出下列幾點捐贈建議：

1. Gitcoin 雖然沒有捐贈金額的限制，但每個項目的最小金額至少大于 1U，另一方面因為 ETH 價格波動的原因，可以選擇 DAI 進行捐贈；如果用eth捐贈，考慮價格波動，建議捐贈0.002eth以上；

2.Gitcoin 捐贈是良好的鏈上交互行為，Optimism 曾將 “用戶在主網上進行Gitcoin 捐贈”作為空投的權重之一；

3.以往 Gitcoin 捐贈可以通過 zkSync 進行，既節省費用也實現了 zkSync 的交互，但這一次根據不同輪次僅支持 ETH 、OP、FTM 三條鏈捐贈；

4.捐贈不宜太遲，最后幾天捐贈時容易遇上網絡擁堵，導致錯過捐贈時間。

三、Gitcoin Alpha Round 捐贈教程

如果你已經了解如何捐贈，可以直接查看第四部分的推薦項目進行捐贈

如果你還不了解 Gitcoin 的捐贈流程，可以先查看下列捐贈視頻：

目前官方網站中尚未統計各項目捐贈金額，用戶可以在此處查看捐贈情況：

四、Gitcoin Alpha Round 捐贈項目介紹（持續更新中）

（點擊項目名稱可進入項目捐款界面）

（一） 開源軟件回合（Open Source Software Round）

開源軟件 多為 Web3、DeFi、NFT等概念，這些賽道的項目過往也有對捐贈者空投的先例

1. DefiLlama

DefiLlama 專注于 DeFi 項目 TVL 數據的專業分析，對目前 DeFi 和公鏈進行了分類，并對其 TVL 進行和長期跟蹤。DefiLlama 的主頁上還有一個 Airdrops，為用戶推薦了一些可能有空投的協議。

2. ChainEye

ChainEye 是一個開源的全鏈分析工具，超過 8 萬用戶使用。目前擁有 BridgeEye（跨鏈橋比較工具）、On-chainCEX transfer fee（鏈上CEX轉賬費用查詢）、Multichain Gas（多鏈氣費查詢）、多鏈穩定幣查詢、ETH 2.0 查詢等功能，馬上會上線OnChain Map功能。ChainEye 承諾永久為用戶提供免費的數據服務，并且會把工具 ToB 的收入返回給社區和用戶。

3. Umbra

作為一個協議，Umbra 定義了一套簡單的標準，通過智能合約實現以太坊上的隱秘轉賬。Umbra目前支持主網和多個 L2，并將利用資金繼續部署到多個鏈上。

4. Lenster

Lenster 是一個去中心化的、無權限的社交媒體應用，由 Lens Protocol 構建。Lenster 在Polygon 網絡上運行，因此用戶可以與 dApp 進行無縫互動，不需要支付任何費用，沒有人可以從應用程序中刪除任何內容，即使是管理員。Lenster 由 Lens Protocol 提供支持，Lens Protocol 是由 Aave 公司建立的去中心化的社交圖譜。

5. Tally

Tally 是一個開源和社區治理的去中心化 Web3錢包，有社區治理的預期，其直言不諱對標 Matamask，要從后者的市場份額中分一杯羹。

6. Phi

Phi (philand.xyz)是一個由 ENS 和錢包地址創建的元宇宙，使 \”鏈上身份 \”的可視化變得更加容易。它激勵用戶與各種 Web3 協議進行互動，這為所有協議提供了積極的反饋，并加速了 Web3 的整體網絡效應。

7. Optinames

Optinames是可交易和可轉讓的子域名，被包裝成ERC721s，并與以太坊名稱服務（ENS）完全集成，它們可以通過利用一個鏈外解析器在L1以太坊上進行解析。

8. Soul Wallet

致力于提供一種探索以太坊新方式的錢包，目前可以在 官網 留下郵箱獲取測試機會。

（二）以太坊基礎設施回合（Ethereum Infrastructure Round）

以太坊基礎設施 雖然發幣概率較低，但確實參與以太坊生態建設的重要憑證

9. Chainlist

被 DefiLlama 接收后繼續運營至今，是查詢新鏈 RPC 的常用工具之一，絕對對得起公共物品這四個字，目前支持絕大多數的公鏈和測試網，并可以查詢不同 RPC 之間的延遲情況。

10. L2BEAT

L2BEAT 是一個關于 Ethereum 第二層（L2）擴展的分析和研究網站。提供了除了總價值鎖定（TVL）之外不同的非微觀指標，是一個日常觀察、對比 L2 非常方便的網站。

（三）氣候解決方案回合（Climate Solutions Round）

氣候解決方案 多為公益類產品，發幣概率和空投概率較低，Biteye 僅對有新意的項目進行介紹，用戶可以自行選擇是否捐贈

11. TaterDAO

一個致力于將現實世界的資產上鏈，以更好統計、識別、創造和發展氣候解決方案的項目。

更多 Gitcoin 捐贈信息請關注：

Biteye 推特： twitter.com/BiteyeCN

Biteye Discord： discord.com/invite/biteye

In Summary: Sequencers can address the scalability and performance limitations of the Ethereum network. They alleviate the burden on the Ethereum main chain by sorting and batch processing on-chain transactions, thus shifting most of the computational and data storage work to Layer 2. The decentralized sequencers\’ capability ceiling depends on the underlying protocol and the network environment. While decentralized sequencers can improve the security and resilience of a system, there are still limitations and challenges.

Sequencers are a core component of rollup networks, responsible for crucial operations including receiving, sorting, and executing transactions, as well as submitting transaction data. If the only sequencer in a network fails or becomes unavailable, the whole network will stop processing transactions. However, many of the existing rollup solutions only have a single sequencer, making them far less decentralized than some centralized Layer1 alternatives. Therefore, the importance of decentralized sequencers is self-evident, and promising decentralized sequencers should effectively increase the decentralization of a network with optimized design and implementation.

Importance of Sequencers

Existing rollup solutions include zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) based zk-Rollups and optimistic execution-based Optimistic Rollups. These solutions are more scalable than monolithic Layer1s. But they still have their respective issues.

Issues with zk-Rollups:

• Computational complexity: Using ZKPs to verify the correctness and legitimacy of transactions requires a significant amount of computational resources and time. This may result in transaction-processing delays and high computational costs.

• Dependency on verifiability: Zk-Rollups rely on external verifiability, meaning that external supervisors are required to verify the correctness of ZK proofs. This may introduce trust issues and centralization risks.

Issues with Optimistic Rollups:

• Reversibility: Optimistic Rollups work on an \”optimistic\” assumption that all transactions submitted are valid and conflict-free. However, if there are conflicts or invalid transactions, the entire system may have to roll back and re-execute, leading to uncertainties and processing delays.

• MEV: Optimistic Rollups may face MEV (Maximal Extractable Value) issues, such as manipulated and unfair transaction ordering.

These issues reduce the performance and security of existing rollup solutions and may impact usability and user experience. The introduction of new designs like sequencers to improve the performance and decentralization of rollups is key to addressing these issues. Sequencers can increase throughput and compress transaction data. Specifically, they order transactions according to predetermined rules, which can not only enhance the efficiency and throughput of transaction processing but also reduce conflicts and competition among transactions. Sequencers also compress transactions, bundling multiple transactions into a single one, thereby reducing the scale of transaction data. Such compression helps reduce the costs for on-chain storage and transmission while improving the whole system’s efficiency.

Disadvantages of Centralized Sequencers

Most of the existing rollup service providers maintain their own centralized sequencers as it\’s more convenient and cheaper. However, the disadvantages are also evident, including but not limited to susceptibility to censorship, excessive fees, and opportunities for capturing MEV maliciously.

Sequencer decentralization is considered an important direction for rollup maturing and a promising alternative to avoid the disadvantages of centralized sequencers. Decentralized sequencers are believed to offer more security, liveness, and censorship resistance. But they are not easy to design and implement. And the best solutions should make wise trade-offs among various factors, including performance, decentralization, and security.

Towards Decentralization

The current technology for decentralized sequencers is crude and can be improved by finding more effective ordering algorithms, implementing more robust validation mechanisms, creating smarter designs, etc. We’ve summarized below some meaningful decentralization approaches that are currently being explored. And as technology evolves, we expect decentralized sequencers to have higher throughput, faster confirmation speed, and lower latency as well as higher security and composability.

1. Proof-of-Authority (PoA): In this approach, a handful of entities are selected to take turns operating sequencers in a PoA system. The approach improves censorship resistance and has the lowest latency. But the drawback is it still faces the risk of single-point failure.

2. Based Sequencing: In this approach, there are no privileged sequencers, and anyone can submit batches to L2. Transaction ordering and block proposing are deferred to the Data Availability (DA) layer. The advantage is it inherits the liveness and censorship resistance of the DA layer. But the downside is the proceeds may leak to the base layer and it is more susceptible to MEV attacks. Also, the confirmation time is long.

3. Distributed Validator Technology (DVT): With DVT, the responsibilities of running a single sequencer can be distributed across a cluster of machines and node operators. Each node operator can sign independent attestations using their fractional share of the validator key. This approach offers the flexibility to be plugged into other solutions, but it introduces a little latency.

4. Shared Sequencing: This solution allows many rollups to share a single decentralized network of sequencers. This shared sequencer network processes transactions on several chains in parallel and provides cross-chain atomicity, real-time censorship resistance, and strong economic security at the sequencing layer. Shared sequencers have the network effect of serving multiple chains, but they are still limited by the L1’s data and transaction ordering throughput.

5. Bootstrapping New Sequencer Sets: This approach creates a decentralized sequencer group without permission using token incentive mechanisms. This approach involves creating a decentralized sequencer set permissionlessly by adopting token incentives. The advantage is increasing token utility, but the downsides are the latency and the difficulty of implementation for lesser-known rollups. Despite the benefits offered by decentralized sequencers, each technical approach has its own tradeoffs.

Potential Opportunities

Now, let\’s take a step back and ask the question of whether decentralized sequencers can permanently solve Ethereum\’s problems. Do they at the same time introduce hidden risks to Ethereum?

Firstly, for solutions that utilize the Ethereum L1 for sequencing such as based sequencing, the rollup system’s performance will be fundamentally limited by the throughput on L1 and can only alleviate computational bottlenecks and achieve small factor improvements in communication complexity.

Secondly, network conditions are also an important consideration. The stability and synchronicity of the network will directly impact the liveness and security of sequencers. Sequencers will lose liveness when the network behaves asynchronously and fail to respond to transactions timely. Only in networks with good synchronicity can sequencers maintain reliable liveness degrees.

Therefore, infrastructure could be a potential investment opportunity. That includes sequencer service providers, security auditors, cross-chain solution providers as well as governance and participation platforms, etc. The solutions offered by these infrastructure providers might solve the problems with existing decentralized sequencing approaches. But it should be noted that decentralized sequencing is only one possible direction that the Ethereum community is exploring to elevate performance and scalability. It’s not the only way. Also, new solutions will emerge as technology advances. We expect decentralized sequencing solutions to evolve in the following directions.

• Multi-chain Interoperability: With the emergence of various blockchains and Layer 2 solutions, multi-chain interoperability could become an essential aspect of decentralized sequencers. Future sequencers may need to handle transactions across multiple chains simultaneously and achieve atomic composability to provide smoother user experiences and more powerful functionalities.

• Stronger MEV Prevention and User Protection: Future sequencers would be able to reduce the impact of MEV and better protect users against monopoly pricing. This may include adopting random ordering mechanisms, reasonable transaction fee mechanisms, and improved privacy protection measures.

• Enhanced Governance and Participation: To ensure the fairness and security of decentralized sequencers, future sequencers may introduce stronger governance and participation mechanisms. This can be achieved through token holder voting, validator elections, and decentralized decision-making by participants. More open and transparent governance mechanisms can promote community participation and drive the development of the system.

In conclusion, as decentralized sequencers continue to evolve, we expect to see more business model innovations. These may include different transaction fee models and sequencer-based data services and on-chain applications, and more. Innovative business models will provide more economic incentives for sequencers, thereby promoting their widespread adoption and sustainable development.

About Bing Ventures

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